Monday, May 18, 2009
The Artificial Heart
ABSTRACT
Estimates from the year 2006 show that 80,000,000 [1] Americans have one or more forms of cardiovascular disease:
· High blood pressure-73,600,000
· Coronary heart disease-16, 800,000
· Myocardial infarction or acute heart attack-7,900,000
· Angina pectoris, which is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood supply to the heart muscle-9,800,000
· Stroke-6,500,000
· Heart Failures- 5,700,000
These are just a few of the many diseases that can attack the heart and limit its function. Therefore, the use of artificial hearts is imperative for the sake of the individuals who suffer from the above conditions or any other heart related illnesses. The artificial heart made its debut during the 1960’s and since then it is a remarkable invention and asset to the medical field. Different approaches have been taken over the course of time to develop different versions of artificial hearts to make it more efficient and comfortable for the patient. This device helps safe thousands of lives annually and is in wide usage all around the world. This research paper specifically addresses the significance of the artificial heart in our society and its product designs in order to determine which one of them fits the optimal choice. In addition, my research paper will discuss the cost to purchase ratio of the apparatus, the ethical and social issues affiliated with the device, the development and product testing of the artificial heart, the health risks of utilizing this machine, and the role of the FDA and legal issues associated with this medical equipment, the safeguards, personnel and precautions required.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
My motivation for undertaking this research device, the artificial heart, is to explore the elements of this marvelous device. I want to examine the complexity of this gadget inside the human body. I would like to be able to know all the duties it performs and how long will this apparatus last inside a patient and what are the health risks and benefits of the artificial heart. Various cardiac problems take a toll on the heart. There are many procedures to cure or cease them for a certain time interval until another alternative is available. Such problems are sinus tachycardia, sinus node reentry, multifocal atrial tachycardia, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, chronic volume overload, chronic pressure overload and dilated cardiomyopathy where specific procedures are in use. As far as receiving an artificial heart, problems such as decreased blood distribution, decreased heart function, or altered heart rhythms (Flash Med, April 30, 2009). The societal need for the artificial heart has increased over the years due to lack of heart surgery hospitals and corresponding personnel. Various heart complications are more than expected and heart surgery is the most effective response to the problem. There are times when a complete new artificial heart is required because there are not too many spare human hearts available for transplant. Therefore, the artificial heart is of an asset to the medical field and is a marvelous invention that will help thousands of people with chronic heart failure.
The artificial heart is a mechanical pump that serves as an actual human heart with certain limitations. The physical nature of this device consists of heart valves, compartments functioning as the atriums and ventricles, and the airways to allow the blood to enter and exit the ventricles made with titanium alloys, polyurethanes, metals, polymers, and ceramics. The artificial heart is a very complex device that also uses assist devices in order for it to function properly. Since every human being is different, every artificial heart made must be equipped to fit each individual’s body structure. Sometimes the artificial heart components may be too big or too small so various trials to make the artificial heart work for the patient must be done. Since it is, only a temporary device until a human heart becomes available, precautions to prevent any further complications continue to stress. The medical function of this mechanism is to allow the patient to live a normal life by providing a functioning artificial heart. The artificial heart serves to pump the oxygenated blood to the body trough the veins and arteries. The goal is to achieve normal rhythm and proper diastolic and systolic activity. The artificial heart is a medical haven for those patients who qualify to receive them. Since accidents and brutal incidents occur each day, organs are very of high demand for surgeries.
It is quite difficult to receive an immediate organ when an individual experiences a health crisis so machines tend to be a substitute for the real thing. The goal of the artificial heart is to make sure that blood is circulating through the body in order for its maintenance and have the patient back on their feet as soon as possible. Without the heart, no blood circulates and delivers oxygen to the body to provide the nutrients that it requires for survival. The artificial heart tries to accomplish a waiting safeguard until a human heart is available. Even though some patients cease living due to further cardiac complications, the artificial heart helps them maintain an active life in the time being. The apparent design limit of the artificial heart is the lack of permanence. Due to its temporary function, the device is not completely capable of lasting a long time to fit the patient’s lifespan. In addition, the artificial heart needs extra devices to work properly that on a waistband are carried by the patient everywhere they wish to travel, these devices are known as Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD).
The artificial heart uses aluminum alloy and polyester and carries a battery that has to be charged everyday in order for it to last six to eight hours, while in contrast - the human heart is a living muscle. Various check ups are required to assure that the artificial heart is on its right behavior. The human heart is a biological pump that administers the essential minerals and nutrients to the body trough blood without the use of machines. Without the heart, we will be incapable of living. The human heart serves as the center of our existence and is a complex organ that is difficult to replace. The artificial heart imitates the human heart due to similar operations by providing a short-term solution, but cannot fully replace it. Due to its structure, the artificial heart’s material may be of a hazard when inserted to the human body. Certain design materials may cause an unstable reaction when in contact with blood, thus careful assessment is always active. Until now metal, aluminum and Dacron polyester are the primary design materials for these machines.
[1] American Heart Association, April 29, 2009
Estimates from the year 2006 show that 80,000,000 [1] Americans have one or more forms of cardiovascular disease:
· High blood pressure-73,600,000
· Coronary heart disease-16, 800,000
· Myocardial infarction or acute heart attack-7,900,000
· Angina pectoris, which is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood supply to the heart muscle-9,800,000
· Stroke-6,500,000
· Heart Failures- 5,700,000
These are just a few of the many diseases that can attack the heart and limit its function. Therefore, the use of artificial hearts is imperative for the sake of the individuals who suffer from the above conditions or any other heart related illnesses. The artificial heart made its debut during the 1960’s and since then it is a remarkable invention and asset to the medical field. Different approaches have been taken over the course of time to develop different versions of artificial hearts to make it more efficient and comfortable for the patient. This device helps safe thousands of lives annually and is in wide usage all around the world. This research paper specifically addresses the significance of the artificial heart in our society and its product designs in order to determine which one of them fits the optimal choice. In addition, my research paper will discuss the cost to purchase ratio of the apparatus, the ethical and social issues affiliated with the device, the development and product testing of the artificial heart, the health risks of utilizing this machine, and the role of the FDA and legal issues associated with this medical equipment, the safeguards, personnel and precautions required.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
My motivation for undertaking this research device, the artificial heart, is to explore the elements of this marvelous device. I want to examine the complexity of this gadget inside the human body. I would like to be able to know all the duties it performs and how long will this apparatus last inside a patient and what are the health risks and benefits of the artificial heart. Various cardiac problems take a toll on the heart. There are many procedures to cure or cease them for a certain time interval until another alternative is available. Such problems are sinus tachycardia, sinus node reentry, multifocal atrial tachycardia, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, chronic volume overload, chronic pressure overload and dilated cardiomyopathy where specific procedures are in use. As far as receiving an artificial heart, problems such as decreased blood distribution, decreased heart function, or altered heart rhythms (Flash Med, April 30, 2009). The societal need for the artificial heart has increased over the years due to lack of heart surgery hospitals and corresponding personnel. Various heart complications are more than expected and heart surgery is the most effective response to the problem. There are times when a complete new artificial heart is required because there are not too many spare human hearts available for transplant. Therefore, the artificial heart is of an asset to the medical field and is a marvelous invention that will help thousands of people with chronic heart failure.
The artificial heart is a mechanical pump that serves as an actual human heart with certain limitations. The physical nature of this device consists of heart valves, compartments functioning as the atriums and ventricles, and the airways to allow the blood to enter and exit the ventricles made with titanium alloys, polyurethanes, metals, polymers, and ceramics. The artificial heart is a very complex device that also uses assist devices in order for it to function properly. Since every human being is different, every artificial heart made must be equipped to fit each individual’s body structure. Sometimes the artificial heart components may be too big or too small so various trials to make the artificial heart work for the patient must be done. Since it is, only a temporary device until a human heart becomes available, precautions to prevent any further complications continue to stress. The medical function of this mechanism is to allow the patient to live a normal life by providing a functioning artificial heart. The artificial heart serves to pump the oxygenated blood to the body trough the veins and arteries. The goal is to achieve normal rhythm and proper diastolic and systolic activity. The artificial heart is a medical haven for those patients who qualify to receive them. Since accidents and brutal incidents occur each day, organs are very of high demand for surgeries.
It is quite difficult to receive an immediate organ when an individual experiences a health crisis so machines tend to be a substitute for the real thing. The goal of the artificial heart is to make sure that blood is circulating through the body in order for its maintenance and have the patient back on their feet as soon as possible. Without the heart, no blood circulates and delivers oxygen to the body to provide the nutrients that it requires for survival. The artificial heart tries to accomplish a waiting safeguard until a human heart is available. Even though some patients cease living due to further cardiac complications, the artificial heart helps them maintain an active life in the time being. The apparent design limit of the artificial heart is the lack of permanence. Due to its temporary function, the device is not completely capable of lasting a long time to fit the patient’s lifespan. In addition, the artificial heart needs extra devices to work properly that on a waistband are carried by the patient everywhere they wish to travel, these devices are known as Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD).
The artificial heart uses aluminum alloy and polyester and carries a battery that has to be charged everyday in order for it to last six to eight hours, while in contrast - the human heart is a living muscle. Various check ups are required to assure that the artificial heart is on its right behavior. The human heart is a biological pump that administers the essential minerals and nutrients to the body trough blood without the use of machines. Without the heart, we will be incapable of living. The human heart serves as the center of our existence and is a complex organ that is difficult to replace. The artificial heart imitates the human heart due to similar operations by providing a short-term solution, but cannot fully replace it. Due to its structure, the artificial heart’s material may be of a hazard when inserted to the human body. Certain design materials may cause an unstable reaction when in contact with blood, thus careful assessment is always active. Until now metal, aluminum and Dacron polyester are the primary design materials for these machines.
[1] American Heart Association, April 29, 2009
Monday, May 4, 2009
Topic (GOD OF WAR) game.
I decided to change my topic to one of the best games in history to ever be played one that I enjoy playing and can not wait until part 3 is released some time in this year, ladies and gentlemen’s the game I am talking about is God of War yes I said it and am I sure most of you have played it or even heard of the game. Well I believe this game is one of the best games ever and it has everyone talking and pumped for the new one to be released even in the magazines are huge sections of the game being spoken of and how it will have more intense graphics. It is being critiqued by millions of editors, and so far it has only received good ratings and incredible comments on it effects and storyline. The game is about this Spartan named Kratos who tries to save his mortal life and goes through a series of events to save his family which are killed. Kratos becomes powerful and wants revenge against one of the most powerful god ever Ares, the storyline of the game has to do with Greek mythology mainly. This game is so great that you would play it more then once I have, get into it and you wont put the control down it is better then picking up a book and never putting it down because it is a awesome game.
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